ショックアブソーバー: 安定性と快適性を守る縁の下の力持ち

ショックアブソーバーは、現代の輸送機器や機械装置において重要な役割を果たしています。 They are not only key components to improve ride comfort, but also important barriers to ensure stable operation of equipment and extend service life.

ショックアブソーバー , also known as shock absorbers or buffers, have the core function of absorbing and dissipating the impact and vibration energy generated in mechanical systems.自動車分野では、車両が凹凸のある道路を走行すると、車輪は路面から衝撃を受け続けます。これらの衝撃エネルギーが効果的に吸収されないと、身体に直接伝わり、乗員に激しい衝撃を与えることになります。 The shock absorber converts this part of energy into heat energy and dissipates it through the design of its internal structure, thereby greatly reducing the shaking amplitude of the body.

ショックアブソーバーは通常、車両のサスペンション システム内の弾性要素 (スプリングなど) と並列に取り付けられます。 When the frame (or body) vibrates on the suspension, the oil in the shock absorber will flow from one chamber to another through the damping hole under the action of the piston. In this process, the friction between the oil and the pore wall and the internal friction between the liquid molecules form a damping force on the vibration, which effectively attenuates the vibration of the car body.

ショックアブソーバーは、減衰材料と構造設計に応じて、主に油圧式と空気圧式に分けられます。

油圧ショックアブソーバ: 自動車分野で最も広く使用されているショックアブソーバです。閉じたパイプ内の液体の流れを利用し、運動エネルギーを熱エネルギーに変換し、衝撃吸収効果を発揮します。油圧ショックアブソーバは構造が簡単で性能が安定しており、製造やメンテナンスが容易であるという利点があります。
Pneumatic shock absorber: This shock absorber absorbs and dissipates vibration energy through the compression and expansion of gas (such as nitrogen). Compared with hydraulic shock absorbers, pneumatic shock absorbers have more advantages in response speed and adaptability, especially suitable for scenes with high requirements for shock absorption performance.
構造上の特徴に応じて、ショックアブソーバーは単管式、二重管式などのタイプに分けることもできます。 Among them, double-tube hydraulic shock absorbers have been widely used in automobile suspension systems due to their good heat dissipation performance and stable damping characteristics.

ショックアブソーバーの応用分野は自動車だけではありません。ショックアブソーバーは、工業生産、鉄道、建設、航空などの分野でも重要な役割を果たしています。

Industrial production: In various mechanical equipment, such as machine tools, punching machines, etc., shock absorbers can effectively reduce the impact force and vibration during the operation of the equipment, protect mechanical parts from damage, and extend the service life of the equipment.
Railway industry: Shock absorbers are also required to be installed on the suspension system and carriage connections of the train to reduce the shaking and vibration during the train and improve the comfort of passengers.
Construction industry: Shock absorbers also play an important role in the shock absorption design of buildings such as building structures and bridges.地震や風などの外部影響による建物への被害の程度を軽減します。
Aerospace field: Shock absorbers are also required for aircraft landing gear, airborne equipment and other components to ensure flight safety and ride comfort.